VFX

V-Ray 7 for 3ds Max Supports 3D Gaussian Splats, Virtual Tours and Luminaires

Chaos V-Ray 7 for 3ds Max brings Gaussian Splat support for fast photoreal environments, new ways to create interactive virtual tours and more realistic, controllable lighting to 3D rendering.

VFX

V-Ray 7 for 3ds Max Supports 3D Gaussian Splats, Virtual Tours and Luminaires

VFX

Impossible Objects Visualises Mexico’s Sport Heritage for UFC at Sphere Las Vegas

VFX Supervisor Morgan McDermott at Impossible Objects talks about making their immersive film for UFC’s debut at the Sphere, combining heros and symbols of Mexican independence with UFC legends.

VFX

Chaos Project Arena Brings Real-time Ray Tracing to the Wild West

Chaos puts Project Arena’s Virtual Production tools to the test in a new short film, achieving accurate ICVFX with real-time raytracing and compositing. Christopher Nichols shares insights.

VFX

Digital Domain Relaunches Advertising Experiences Group With New Hires

Digital Domain announced the strategic addition of two industry veterans to its newly formed Advertising Experiences group.

VFX

MPC Welcomes Lucinda Keeler as Head of Production for London

Moving Picture Company (MPC)has appointed Lucinda Keeler as Head of Production for its London studio, bringing over 20 years of experience and leadership in the VFX industry.

VFX

REALTIME Launches New Virtual Production and Development Division

REALTIME studio has launched a Virtual Production division, following its grant from Media City Immersive Technologies Innovation Hub to develop a proprietary Virtual Production tool.

VFX

ZibraVDB Delivers Real-Time Volumetric VFX for Unreal Engine and Houdini

ZibraVDB plugin for Virtual Production and CG studios delivers high compression rates and fast render times, making it possible to work with very large volumetric effects in real-time.

VFX

Maxon Releases ZBrush for iPad, Enhances Precision, Speed, Control for All Tools

Maxon One 2025 updates Cinema 4D, Redshift, Red Giant and Cineware, and releases ZBrush for iPad, putting ZBrush sculpting tools into a mobile device with a new UI and touch controls.

VFX

Das Element 2.1 Adds Control and Convenience to VFX Asset Libraries

Das Element asset library software version 2.1 has new video playback controls, hierarchy tree customisation for libraries, faster set-up processes and simpler element migration.

VFX

Autodesk AI Workflows Move into Maya, Flame and Production Schedules

Autodesk returned to SIGGRAPH 2024 to show software updates that include generative AI and cloud workflows for 3D animation in Maya, production scheduling and clip retiming in Flame.

VFX

Shutterstock Launches a Generative 3D API for 3D Scene Building with AI

Shutterstock launched a cloud-based generative 3D API, built on NVIDIA Edify AI architecture, trained on licensed Shutterstock content, as a fast way to produce realistic 3D models with AI.

VFX

Double Promotion Raises the Profile at Freefolk

Freefolk has promoted Rob Sheridan to VFX Supervisor in their Film and Episodic division and Paul Wight is now the company’s first Chief Operating Officer.

VFX

Golaem 9 Improves Hero Character Quality, Control and Animation

Golaem 9 includes a new animation engine, helps create new shots without simulations, and has better crowd control, helping artist improve the quality of their animated hero characters.

Adobe Lightroom Adds Generative Remove and Lens Blur Based on Firefly AI

Adobe’s Generative Remove feature, based on the Firefly AI model, is now part of Lightroom, and the AI-powered Lens Blur tool has now…

Chaos V-Ray 6 Benchmark Updates CPU/GPU Testing, Adds a New Test Scene

V-Ray 6 Benchmark updates Chaos’ software for comparing CPU and GPU render capabilities, with test looping and a new test scene for direct…

Maxon One Spring 2024 Brings Particle Simulations and Non-Photoeal Renders

Maxon One 3D software for motion design, broadcast and VFX has undergone an upgrade with new tools including Cinema 4D Particles, NPR…

Pitch Black Appoints New Vice President of Operations

Pitch Black, parent company of VFX studios FuseFX, FOLKS, Rising Sun Pictures and El Ranchito, has announced the appointment of Mikaël…

Autodesk Maya, 3ds Max, Arnold, Production Tracking Stay on the Edge for 2025

Autodesk has prioritised connected assets, data and workflows, and efficient new time-saving tools for the 2025 versions of its content…

Adobe Substance 3D Workflows Now Include Firefly Generative AI Features

In Substance 3D’s most recent releases, two new Firefly-supported features have been integrated directly into Adobe Substance 3D design and…

Alvin Cruz Joins JAMM Visual as New Creative Director

JAMM VFX and colour studio in Los Angeles is welcoming Alvin Cruz to serve as creative lead on projects across their client roster.…

Chaos Plans its AI Future for Visualisation and Storytelling

Chaos announced the company’s first foray into AI tools through three new features, as well as the first look at a new visual storytelling…

Modo 17.0 Prioritises Performance and Interactivity, Bundles OctaneRender

Foundry Modo 17.0 comes with performance updates to accelerate modelling, rigging, animation and interactivity, and a bundled Prime version…

The Mill and Kawasaki Wear Mullets to the Super Bowl

The Mill created an edgy Super Bowl ad titled ‘Mullets’ for Kawasaki’s first Super Bowl entry with a pipeline featuring Autodesk Maya,…

SIGGRAPH Asia 2023 – Looking Back at Sydney and Ahead to Tokyo

SIGGRAPH Asia 2023 conference and exhibition in Sydney attracted 5,690 attendees from over 40 countries, making a key contribution to the…

Maxon One Accelerates Mograph, Scene Navigation, Texture Rendering

Cinema 4D’s MoGraph tools and Redshift’s RT real-time camera and shading get a performance push. Redshift can also tap into Apple M3 chips’…

Alliance for OpenUSD Presents Next Roadmap, Welcomes 12 New Members

At SIGGRAPH Asia in Sydney AOUSD presented its new roadmap toward developing USD as a standard, as well as a new collaboration with Khronos…

Maxon One Improves Integrations for Substance 3D, Unreal, glTF Animations

Maxon One’s end of 2023 updates improve Cinema 4D’s integration with Adobe Substance 3D materials and increase users’ control in Redshift,…

V-Ray 6 for 3ds Max, update 2 Completes USD Pipelines with Material X Support

Chaos V-Ray 6 for 3ds Max, update 2 eases rendering and shader exchanges, speeds up workflows, extends V-Ray Frame Buffer and GPU…

Mari 7.0 Updates Texture Palette with Map Baking Engine, New USD Import

Mari 7.0’s new internal map baking engine allows users to bake texture maps without leaving Mari. Importing USD files into pipelines is now…

Maxon ZBrush 2024 Updates Mesh, Brush and Masking Controls

Maxon ZBrush digital sculpting software is now available in a new 2024 version. It includes updates to brushes and strokes, new mesh…

𝗱𝗮𝘀 𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 Defines A𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘁 Li𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗿ies for 𝗩𝗙𝗫 Elements

das element VFX asset library software is now released in version 2.0, a major upgrade with automated features designed to make digital…

Katana 7.0 Works with USD Native Workflows, Adds Multi-Threaded Live Renders

Foundry’s Katana 7.0 makes it possible to work with USD native scenes and workflows while using Katana’s lookdev and lighting tools,…

Foundry Nuke 15.0 Goes for Speed with Apple Silicon, ML and USD 3D Updates

Updates to Nuke 15.0 help artists iterate faster and more efficiently, due to native Apple silicon support, faster training in Nuke’s…

Maxon Upgrades Cinema 4D, Red Giant, Redshift Performance and Workflows

Maxon’s 2024 Release extends updates across Cinema 4D, Red Giant and Redshift with optimised Cinema 4D core, art directable Pyro sims, new…

Maxon Cinebench 2024 Adopts Redshift, Re-introduces GPU Benchmarking

Cinebench 2024 now uses Redshift, the default renderer in Cinema 4D, and returns to GPU benchmarking for an accurate, relevant…

Dimension and MRMC Take Volumetric Video into Orbit for Avenue 5

Dimension and MRMC put their skills together to bring intriguing holographic effects to life in Season 2 of HBO’s Avenue 5, starting with…

Adobe Joins Pixar, Apple, Autodesk, NVIDIA to Create Alliance for OpenUSD

Adobe is working with Pixar, Apple, Autodesk, NVIDIA and the Joint Development Foundation (JDF) to create the Alliance for OpenUSD.

Maxon One Extends Tools and Control in Redshift, Forger, Trapcode for 3D Artists

Redshift rendering enhances randomisation and stylised materials, Trapcode workflows add parent-child particle options and gradient…

Union VFX Opens First International VFX Facility in Montréal

Union has announced the launch of its first international studio in Montréal, with a recruitment drive already in full swing to grow its…

Autodesk Turns to Open Standards for M&E Software Updates and Workflows

Updates to Autodesk Maya, 3ds Max, Bifrost and Arnold make further use of open standards, and support artist-driven animation, modelling…

Maxon One Upgrades from 3D Modelling to Motion Design to Unreal Integration

Maxon One’s new 2023 release updates all software including Cinema 4D, Red Giant, Redshift and ZBrush, with new Capsules and a Cineware…

DreamWorks Animation Releases MoonRay as Open Source Software

DreamWorks Animation’s MoonRay renderer is now available as open source for general access, and ready to be built outside of the DreamWorks…

Academy Award Recognises Substance 3D for Transformative VFX and Animation

Four 3D pioneers behind Adobe Substance 3D Designer and the Substance Engine, tools used to create VFX in hundreds of projects, have been…

NVIZ Expands Senior Team to Launch a New Phase of Development

Visualisation and VFX company, NVIZ has announced the expansion of its senior VFX team as the company enters an exciting new phase.

Maxon One Update Introduces New Maxon Capsules and Redshift Shaders

Maxon One has two new node-based spline effects in the Capsules collection, new Redshift shaders and 21 detailed fabric materials to use…

V-Ray 6 for 3ds Max, update 1, Enhances Artist Control and GPU Rendering

Chaos V-Ray 6 for 3ds Max, update 1 upgrades post-processing of scene lighting, decal tools and use of V-Ray GPU, to help 3D artists and…

Alex Lovejoy Joins Black Kite

Black Kite Studios announce that Alex Lovejoy has joined the company as Creative Director, supporting the growth and expansion of the…

Academy Software Foundation Launches Open Source Forum 2023

ASWF hosts the Open Source Forum to gather business and technical leaders to discuss the current state of open source software, and also…

NVIZ Welcomes Luke Kaile and Chris Lunney to Top Leadership Roles

London based VFX and Visualisation studio NVIZ has appointed Head of Studio, Luke Kaile, as Managing Director to run NVIZ alongside…

CoreWeave Acquires Conductor Technologies to Expand Services to VFX Studios

CoreWeave, specialised cloud provider for GPU-accelerated workloads, has acquired Conductor Technologies cloud-based task management…

Autodesk Releases Open RV on Academy Software Foundation GitHub

The new open source RV allows users to review media with many of the commercial features, and customise, modify and implement core…

Foundry Launches Annual Subscription for Nuke Software

Foundry is now making new licenses of Nuke family products, including Nuke, NukeX, Nuke Studio, Hiero, HieroPlayer and Nuke Render,…

Maxon One Integrates Redshift with ZBrush, Optimises Trapcode Particles

The new Maxon One updates move Redshift rendering directly inside ZBrush, upgrade the sculpting tools, especially ZRemesher, and optimise…

Conductor Cloud Render Platform Now Supports SideFX Houdini

Conductor Technologies cloud-based platform is now accessible to Houdini artists via a plug-in integration that gives users direct access…

Mari 6.0 Makes Texturing Pipelines USD-ready, Adds Teleport Node

Foundry Mari 6.0 3D painting and texturing tool has two new USD Exports, a new Roller Brush paint mode, Python snippets as Shelf items and…

DNEG Hires Alaric McAusland as Managing Director of New Sydney Studio

Alaric McAusland, former Executive Director for Australia’s Directors’ Guild, joins DNEG’s new VFX and animation studio in Sydney,…

Katana 6.0 Improves Look Dev with Visibility into Materials and Scene Processing

Foundry’s look development and lighting tool Katana 6.0 has new performance monitoring tools and visibility into material set-ups to speed…

V-Ray 6 for Houdini Advances with Solaris, Volumetrics and Lighting Developments

V-Ray 6 addresses SideFX’s USD tools in Solaris, moving to a Hydra delegate. It improves render efficiency, realism in volumetric FX,…

Autodesk Develops Open Source Bifrost-USD Integration for Maya

Autodesk’s update improves many simulation and procedural workflows in Bifrost, including a new Bifrost-USD integration as an open-source…

Freefolk Strengthen Their Film & Episodic Division with Two Key Hires

Freefolk announce two significant hires that expand and diversify their film and episodic VFX offering – VFX Supervisor David Bowman and…

DNEG Hires Oscar and BAFTA Winner Guillaume Rocheron as VFX Supervisor

DNEG has hired multiple Oscar and BAFTA-winner Guillaume Rocheron as VFX Supervisor, bringing 20 years of VFX experience from Nope to 1917…

Nuke 14.0 Re-invents its 3D System on USD, Upgrades AI/ML Tools

Foundry’s first Nuke 14 series release has a reconstructed, updated 3D system, now in beta, a free library of 3rd-party ML models, updates…

VFX Supervisor Julian Hutchens at RSP Wins AACTA Visual Effects Award for ‘Elvis’

RSP’ VFX Supervisor Julian Hutchens with fellow nominees Tom Wood, Fiona Crawford, Joshua Simmonds and Adam Hammond won the AACTA Award for…

Jellyfish Pictures Positions for Growth With New Leadership Team

VFX and animation company Jellyfish Pictures restructured its leadership team with new appointments supporting the company’s plans for…

AWS Thinkbox Krakatoa MY and XMesh MY Are Now Available as Open Source

Source code for Krakatoa and XMesh for Maya is now available from GitHub, making AWS Thinkbox software more accessible to studios and more…

DNEG Announces New Visual Effects and Animation Studio in Sydney

DNEG and the NSW Government are planning a VFX and animation facility in Pyrmont opening in 2023, led by VFX Supervisor Andrew Jackson,…

Maxon Upgrades 3D Tools with New Simulations, Lens Looks, Curve Controls

Maxon’s Cinema 4D adds Pyro for fire, smoke, explosion simulations and a Redshift Camera; Red Giant VFX tools finalise Real Lens Flares;…

Framestore Welcomes New VFX Supervisor Ross Wilkinson

Framestore is pleased to announce the arrival of Ross Wilkinson as VFX Supervisor to work on advertising and episodic projects across the…

European ACCESS:VFX Launches New European Chapter with Sponsorship from Netflix

ACCESS:VFX launched a new European chapter, making practical tools available for new creators across Europe who want to succeed in the…

RSP Co-Founder Tony Clark Named VES Fellow

Rising Sun Pictures Co-Founder and Managing Director Tony Clark has been named a VES Fellow by the Visual Effects Society, the first…

Chaos Corona 9 for 3ds Max and Cinema 4D Redefines 3D Design and Animation

Chaos Corona 9 for 3ds Max and Cinema 4D features new tools for clouds, patterns and motion blur for 3D design, improving memory efficiency…

Chaos Group and Greyscalegorilla Release Render Inspiration for Cinema 4D

Chaos Group and Greyscalegorilla released software that enhance the render quality from Cinema 4D -- Chaos V-Ray 6 for Cinema 4D and…

Technicolor Creative Studios Spins Off as Independent Company

Technicolor Creative Studios is now a global network of studios – MPC, The Mill, Mikros and Technicolor Games – focussed on creating film,…

Lala Gavgavian Becomes Digital Domain’s Global President of VFX Studios

Digital Domain names Lala Gavgavian as Global President of Visual Effects Studios to oversee their VFX services, which has achieved…

Post Panic and KitBash3D Light Up ‘Free Fire’ Mobile Game Music Video

Post Panic’s team used KitBash3D’s model kits to help flesh out game environment detail such as buildings, streets and alleyways, blocking…

Autodesk Maya Creative Makes 3D Tools More Affordable, Flexible for Artists

Maya Creative lowers the barrier to entry, making 3D modelling and animation tools more scalable and flexible to access for artists under…

Maxon One Updates Simulation, Volumes, Colour for Cinema 4D and Redshift

Maxon One software now features many updates, starting with Cinema 4D 2023 and including Redshift renderer, Moves by Maxon motion capture…

V-Ray 6 for Maya Adds Artist Control Over Skies, Render Time, USD Pipelines

Chaos V-Ray 6 for Maya has features like geometric tiling, procedural clouds and a new shader profiler. Supporting the MayaUSD update, it…

Framestore Welcomes VFX Supervisor François Dumoulin

Creative studio Framestore is pleased to add VFX Supervisor François Dumoulin to its Montreal team, where six other VFX supervisors have…

Atlanta VFX Leaves No Clues with Fusion Studio on ‘Only Murders in the Building’

Atlanta VFX completed complex compositing, shot blending and matchmoving in Blackmagic Design Fusion Studio for Hulu Originals comedy ‘Only…

ASWF Launches Open Source Software Development Projects at SIGGRAPH

ASWF launched two projects from SIGGRAPH, one for production-grade sample content to aid product development, and an Open Review tool for…

das element v1.2 Helps Teams Organise, Share, View Project Elements

VFX library software das element has new teamwork features supporting elements collections for specific purposes, sharing improvements,…

Animal Logic’s Technology and Creative Teams Release ALab Phase 2

Following the success of last year's release of ALab, with 4,000 downloads to date, Animal Logic is ready to share the next enhanced…

Blur Studio, David Fincher and V-Ray Pull a Dark Story into the Light

David Fincher created his first 3D animated film, a short for Love, Death + Robots, with artists at Blur, using V-Ray’s lighting and camera…

Chaos V-Ray 6 for 3ds Max Tackles World-building and Workflows

Chaos Scatter populates scenes with 3D objects, procedural clouds help customise skies, Enmesh tiles repeating patterns across complex geo…

MAXON One Brings Updates to Cinema 4D, Redshift and Red Giant Software

An interim upgrade to the MAXON One software includes progress in Cinema 4D’s Scene Nodes core, improvements to Red Giant tools and better…

DNEG Hires Academy Award Winning VFX Supervisors Eric Brevig and Greg Butler

DNEG VFX studio has hired Eric Brevig and Greg Butler as Visual Effects Supervisors. Eric and Greg each join DNEG with decades of…

Maxon’s Imperfections Create Perfectly Photoreal 3D Surfaces

More than 50 4K scanned tiled textures called Imperfections are now available to Cinema 4D users, enhancing the photorealism of renders by…

Adobe Updates Substance 3D Materials and Photoshop AI Filters

Substance 3D software now includes a 3D Materials SDK for developers, a new plugin and native support in Apple M-series chips. Photoshop’s…

Pixomondo Speeds Virtual Production Iteration and Review on AWS Cloud

To support their in-camera VFX pipeline, Pixomondo moved operations relating to storage and collaboration to AWS’ cloud where artists can…

MPC Ages Dr Egon Spengler for ‘Ghostbusters: Afterlife’

For ‘Ghostbusters: Afterlife’, MPC was entrusted with bringing the character of Dr Egon Spengler, played by the late Harold Ramis in the…

Silhouette 2022 Integrates New Nodes for Compositing, FX and Tracking

Silhouette 2022 now integrates the Boris plugins Sapphire, Mocha Pro and Particle Illusion. OpenColorIO v2 with GPU-rendering and upgraded…

Nuke 13.2 continues to focus on collaboration, workflows and pipelines, adds NDI support, features Foundry’s research into machine learning, and increases support for UnrealReader. Nuke 13 2 3D UX ImprovementsA Nuke 13.2 is the final release in Foundry’

ZEISS Cinematography introduces the first service of its new CinCraft system for the digital application of lens looks into compositing and…

New support for glTF, flexible modelling tools and greater control are among the updates to Autodesk 3ds Max, plus the new Arnold, speeding complex projects and pipeline customisation. Autodesk 3dsMax Jody Sargent Image: Jody Sargent New support for gl

Nuke 13.2 continues to focus on collaboration, workflows and pipelines, adds NDI support, features Foundry’s research into machine…

3ds Max and Arnold Bring Interactivity and More Speed to 3D Workflows

New support for glTF, flexible modelling tools and greater control are among the updates to Autodesk 3ds Max, plus the new Arnold, speeding…

Karma XPU Gathers Speed as SideFX’s Hybrid GPU/CPU Renderer

Brian Sharpe at SideFX talks about Karma XPU, an engine option, now in development, for the Karma renderer that users can select to take…

das element Upgrade Manages Asset Libraries for VFX Teams and Projects

Das element helps studios ensure their asset libraries are well structured and organised, and now makes them easier to search, set up with…

ASWF Releases Research on Open Source Development in Modern Filmmaking

The Academy Software Foundation has released a new research paper titled ‘Open Source in Entertainment: How the Academy Software Foundation…

Tribal Imaging Virtualises Post and VFX Production on AWS Compute Cloud

Tribal Imaging virtualised its VFX workstations on AWS. Artists now connect to virtual machines running on Elastic Compute Cloud to help…

Framestore Welcomes Simon Devereux as Director of Global Talent Development

Framestore has announced Simon Devereux, director and founder of ACCESS:VFX, as its new Director of Global Talent Development.

Chaos’ New Sequence Player Gives Instant High-resolution Playback

Chaos Player, a major upgrade to Pdplayer, features floating-point compositing, A/B comparisons, MP4 and OpenColor IO 2 support, and is now…

The Mill, MPC and Mr X Undergo Business Transformations at Technicolor

A new Moving Picture Company (MPC) Studio network will focus on Film and Episodic VFX; Technicolor Creative Studios consolidates across…

Predicting Video Pathways in 2022 – Ncam, Digital Domain and Arcturus

Video production, post and applications are evolving and expanding rapidly around the world. Three committed companies talk about their…

Nuke 13.1 Updates 3D System and Machine Learning, Adds Unreal Reader

Foundry has made significant changes to Nuke in this release, updating its Node Graph UX, improving the timeline, extending Machine…

Mari 5 Enhances Proceduralism and USD Look Development Workflows

Foundry Mari 5.0 improves the brush engine to include colour jitter, has a new export workflow for USD material networks and helps users to…

Unity Set to Acquire Weta Digital’s Tools, Pipeline and Engineering Talent

3D software developer Unity will soon acquire Weta Digital’s tools, pipeline and engineering talent, in effect making Weta’s VFX tools…

V-Ray Wins 2021 Engineering Emmy for Ray-Traced Rendering

Loki, Digital Domain Chaos Group’s V-Ray renderer has won an Engineering Emmy Award for making new levels of photorealistic visual effects…

Ghost VFX Wins an Emmy for ‘Star Trek: Discovery’ and Expands Leadership

Ghost VFX says they work to make the impossible, possible and to produce imagery that speaks for itself. Their conviction led to a team of…

Golaem Receives an Engineering Emmy Award for Crowd Software

Golaem has been awarded an Engineering Emmy Award by the Television Academy for its software Golaem Crowd. Golaem Crowd helps artists to…

Rob Coleman and Randal Shore Rejoin ILM to Boost Feature Animation

Industrial Light & Magic has announced that Rob Coleman has rejoined the company as a Key Creative for Feature Animation at ILM’s Sydney…

Cinema 4D R25 and Trapcode 17 Get Updates for Artists; Redshift RT in Beta

Maxon has updated applications across the company’s Maxon One combined package of software tools. Cinema 4D Release 25 and Trapcode Suite…

Pixomondo To Open London Virtual Production Studio, Hires Alex Webster

VFX and virtual production studio Pixomondo is launching a London division in September and has appointed Alex Webster as its Head of…

MPC Episodic and Mikros VFX Join Forces

Visual effects studios MPC and Mikros have formed an alliance of their episodic and film divisions. Mikros, a French company with over 35…

The new open source RV allows users to review media with many of the commercial features, and customise, modify and implement core functionality tailored to projects and workflows.

Details: Published: 23 January 2023

Foundry is now making new licenses of Nuke family products, including Nuke, NukeX, Nuke Studio, Hiero, HieroPlayer and Nuke Render, available on annual subscription.

Details: Published: 16 January 2023

The new Maxon One updates move Redshift rendering directly inside ZBrush, upgrade the sculpting tools, especially ZRemesher, and optimise Red Giant Trapcode’s particle simulations.

Details: Published: 12 January 2023

Conductor Technologies cloud-based platform is now accessible to Houdini artists via a plug-in integration that gives users direct access to cloud compute resources.

Details: Published: 27 December 2022

Foundry Mari 6.0 3D painting and texturing tool has two new USD Exports, a new Roller Brush paint mode, Python snippets as Shelf items and a fast teleport node to navigate the nodegraph.

Details: Published: 24 December 2022

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